Can Africa develop without increasing anthropogenic emissions and how? This is a pertinent question we have to address. In order to move to a green economy depedence of fossill fuels has to be reduced to its bearest minimum, energy and electricity has to generated in a clean way to drive development and most importantly renewable energy has be widely adopted through foreign investment amongst other energy options.
Chinma George
I agree with you dear Chinma George. However, things seem to not be pratical. Actually, Africa has to look for another model of development in order to do not emit as developed countries in the development process. The issue is it has to convince policy-makers due to their prior knowledge relative to Environmental Kuznets Curve.
As to me development in Africa without increasing emission of anthropogenic GHG is impossible. For example we know that up to now Africa is food insecure and needs to be food secured through increased agricultural production and productivity. The main route to achieve this goal is through increased use of inorganic fertilizers. This because It is a known fact that soil fertility depletion is the main if not number one cause of low crop productivity and production in Africa. Thus, increasing soil fertility through increased use of inorganic fertilizers is the key or the major way of achieving food security. The current per capita fertilizer use in Africa is the lowest in the world and it should triple its fertilizer use for enhanced crop production in the future. If that is the case, there will be definitely increased emission of anthropogenic GHG in Africa from the increased uses of inorganic fertilizers particularly from using Nitrogenous fertilizers in the future. Thus, Agriculture is an example of sectors in Africa where its development without increasing anthropogenic emission of GHGs is impossible.
If we see transport sector as the second example, these days Africa is working day and night to link all its nations with road transportation from south to north and east to west. Increased roads mean increased consumption of fossil fuel which is one of the main sources of anthropogenic GHG. Replacing fossil fuel with renewable fuel is possible but it is unthinkable in a foreseeable future in Africa.
However, still there are sectors in which development is possible with decreasing anthropogenic emissions in Africa. Electric power is one of such sector where it is possible to generate electricity with no or little emissions. We know that Africa has huge potential to generate electricity from water, wind and sun which can be used in green growth and development in Africa.
Based on these examples I believe that Africa cannot develop with decreasing emissions at least in foreseeable future, but it can greatly decrease the emissions with improvement in development with exploitation of its potential in some sectors which have little or no emissions. Thus while working to develop Africa with increasing anthropogenic emissions, there is a need for strong research on technologies and means that decrease anthropogenic emissions at in the long term in Africa.
Yes:
Africa has the opportunity to follow green growth pathways instead of brown development pathways of the developed world.
Possible responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming). How?
African can follow green growth by mainstreaming climate change into development frameworks and through the development and implementation of Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Strategies.
Low carbon strategies concern mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. This generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including the increase of the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Other examples of mitigation include switching from high (e.g., fossil fuel) to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable, hydro and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.
The Republic of The Gambia has converted all its water pumping diesel generators to solar pumping systems. The Telecommunications Sector also uses Solar Systems to power all telecommunication facilities in the country. Under the Rural Electrification Programme, it is also planned to switch from Diesel to Solar and Wind generation systems. All these efforts are geared towards reducing emissions from The Gambia. The Gambia is developing its Low Emissions Climate Resilient Development Strategy (LECRDS) which will include the planning and development of a Mass Transit System.
The development of the entire African continent witthout increasing anthropogenic emissions is a very long term goal. At present, there are many programmes and projects in different sectors (mainly transport and energy) in most Africa countries to reduce emissions, but these are piecemeal efforts. Whether all these will add up in the coming years to reduce anthropogenic emissions substantially, while enabling national growth and development, remains to be seen. Most efforts are programme -based, and their post-programme sustainability is not always guaranteed. Africa's current priorities are food security, and good health and wellbeing of its people.
Yes and No
While I agree to some of your perspectives here, I beg to disagree with some comments. Whether Africa can develop without increasing anthropogenic emissions, will largely depend on our current commitments and varying economic capacities to follow Sustainable Development pathway. Whereas there are existing technologies and policy options for green growth, most of them remain prohibitively expensive or less urgent for the current African development priorities. Most technologies developed are largely adaptable to developed countries and not suitable for African economic situations presently. Given the urgent need to grow its economies, African states will easily take the shortcut of brown development which is justifiable given that all developed countries followed the same route. But the question is, will two wrongs make a right? To me Africa has the best chance in green growth while the developed countries, who apparently developed at the cost of Africa, should use this opportunity to support Africa to follow green growth.
Viable opportunities for green growth exist in Africa: There is a huge opportunity to de-carbonize electricity in Africa and in development of smart cities which are currently at the formative stages of planing and designing. There are opportunities of green development in Public transport system, for example construction of trans-regional railway systems, which can be powered using hydro-electric power. Population in Africa today is largely rural but with the fastest urban migration, it infers that we have a better opportunity to plan now sustainable green cities with the projected urban population.
Agriculture as a sector may prove to be a big challenge, where growth is not possible without increasing anthropogenic emissions, but my worry is in the less policy attention the sector is receiving today especially the land grabbing and land reforms. Land use and land use change exemplified by land intensification as a result of fragmentation further spells doom to food security efforts being undertaken in the region today. Emissions through increasing use of inputs for productivity growth will just be a problem on top of this. Coupled with this is the population pressure which is making agriculture less productive due to decreasing economies of scale. If the trend continues then food security will remain the major problem for African governments in the region, significantly overshadowing other issues like green growth.
Considering present opportunities and threats in Africa, I can say that it is possible to develop without increasing human induced climate change in the continent today, but conditional on collective responsibility and action. The external support on climate change mitigation, which is less urgent but equally crucial, will allow African countries to focus on more urgent issues like food security and unemployment while developing sustainably.
Africa is considered to poorly developed state and therefore it will require anthrpogenic activities to get themselves onto the path of Developed nation. This may give rise to unsustainable methods but there is no other way out. For more information visit generic Viagra (http://www.pharmacyglobalrx.net)
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Without increasing anthropogenic emissions, its impossible for Africa to be known as Developed country.The more security should be given on basic needs as food, shelther etc. The patients visiting to purchase medication help at pharmacy dropshipping store are given concession on that products through pharmacy wholesalers services.
Yes its true,without increasing anthropogenic emissions, its impossible for Africa to be known as Developed country.The patients in need of medical aid, kamagra supplier and modafinil supplier stores provides helping hand to them.
Africa cannot develope without increasing anthropogenic emissions. This is because components of development: industrialization, urbanization, transportation and agriculture are the major sources of anthropogenic emissions. However, Africa can initiate CDM projects like solar energy technologies, hydropower, afforestation and reforestation, agroforestry etc. in order to offset their emissions. On the other hand, African can choose to go the Environmental Kuznet curves' way. This would imply prioritization of economic development at expense of the environment and emissions. After fully achieving development, Africa can then use its resources to restore the environment and mitigate emissions. Apparently, the later is the path taken by most developed countries.
Development is the important factor which can improve the lifestyle of peoples but there must be keep in mind that we can not play with the nature. http://www.genericviagra.co/zenegra.html
Outflows of gasses and particles from the burning of fossil powers and biofuels in Africa are relied upon to increment essentially sooner rather than later because of the quick development of African urban areas and megacities. There is as of now no local emanations stock that gives evaluations of anthropogenic ignition to the African mainland. This work gives an advancement's evaluation of African ignition discharges from 2005 to 2030, utilizing a base up technique. This stock predicts vast increments in dark carbon, natural carbon, CO, NOx, SO2 and non-methane hydrocarbon outflows if no emanation regulations are executed. This paper examines the adequacy of situations including certain powers, particular to Africa in every action division and every district (western, eastern, northern and southern Africa), to lessen the outflows. The assessed patterns in African discharges are reliable with outflows gave by worldwide inventories, yet they show a bigger scope of qualities. Go to my Blog for health kamagra http://www.pillenpalast.com/
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Green Economy
Can Africa develop without increasing anthropogenic emissions and how? This is a pertinent question we have to address. In order to move to a green economy depedence of fossill fuels has to be reduced to its bearest minimum, energy and electricity has to generated in a clean way to drive development and most importantly renewable energy has be widely adopted through foreign investment amongst other energy options.
Chinma George
I agree with you dear Chinma
I agree with you dear Chinma George. However, things seem to not be pratical. Actually, Africa has to look for another model of development in order to do not emit as developed countries in the development process. The issue is it has to convince policy-makers due to their prior knowledge relative to Environmental Kuznets Curve.
Impossible in the near future
As to me development in Africa without increasing emission of anthropogenic GHG is impossible. For example we know that up to now Africa is food insecure and needs to be food secured through increased agricultural production and productivity. The main route to achieve this goal is through increased use of inorganic fertilizers. This because It is a known fact that soil fertility depletion is the main if not number one cause of low crop productivity and production in Africa. Thus, increasing soil fertility through increased use of inorganic fertilizers is the key or the major way of achieving food security. The current per capita fertilizer use in Africa is the lowest in the world and it should triple its fertilizer use for enhanced crop production in the future. If that is the case, there will be definitely increased emission of anthropogenic GHG in Africa from the increased uses of inorganic fertilizers particularly from using Nitrogenous fertilizers in the future. Thus, Agriculture is an example of sectors in Africa where its development without increasing anthropogenic emission of GHGs is impossible.
If we see transport sector as the second example, these days Africa is working day and night to link all its nations with road transportation from south to north and east to west. Increased roads mean increased consumption of fossil fuel which is one of the main sources of anthropogenic GHG. Replacing fossil fuel with renewable fuel is possible but it is unthinkable in a foreseeable future in Africa.
However, still there are sectors in which development is possible with decreasing anthropogenic emissions in Africa. Electric power is one of such sector where it is possible to generate electricity with no or little emissions. We know that Africa has huge potential to generate electricity from water, wind and sun which can be used in green growth and development in Africa.
Based on these examples I believe that Africa cannot develop with decreasing emissions at least in foreseeable future, but it can greatly decrease the emissions with improvement in development with exploitation of its potential in some sectors which have little or no emissions. Thus while working to develop Africa with increasing anthropogenic emissions, there is a need for strong research on technologies and means that decrease anthropogenic emissions at in the long term in Africa.
Question-2
Yes:
Africa has the opportunity to follow green growth pathways instead of brown development pathways of the developed world.
Possible responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming).
How?
African can follow green growth by mainstreaming climate change into development frameworks and through the development and implementation of Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Strategies.
Low carbon strategies concern mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. This generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including the increase of the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Other examples of mitigation include switching from high (e.g., fossil fuel) to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable, hydro and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.
The Republic of The Gambia has converted all its water pumping diesel generators to solar pumping systems. The Telecommunications Sector also uses Solar Systems to power all telecommunication facilities in the country. Under the Rural Electrification Programme, it is also planned to switch from Diesel to Solar and Wind generation systems. All these efforts are geared towards reducing emissions from The Gambia. The Gambia is developing its Low Emissions Climate Resilient Development Strategy (LECRDS) which will include the planning and development of a Mass Transit System.
Question 2
The development of the entire African continent witthout increasing anthropogenic emissions is a very long term goal. At present, there are many programmes and projects in different sectors (mainly transport and energy) in most Africa countries to reduce emissions, but these are piecemeal efforts. Whether all these will add up in the coming years to reduce anthropogenic emissions substantially, while enabling national growth and development, remains to be seen. Most efforts are programme -based, and their post-programme sustainability is not always guaranteed. Africa's current priorities are food security, and good health and wellbeing of its people.
Question Two
Yes and No
While I agree to some of your perspectives here, I beg to disagree with some comments. Whether Africa can develop without increasing anthropogenic emissions, will largely depend on our current commitments and varying economic capacities to follow Sustainable Development pathway. Whereas there are existing technologies and policy options for green growth, most of them remain prohibitively expensive or less urgent for the current African development priorities. Most technologies developed are largely adaptable to developed countries and not suitable for African economic situations presently. Given the urgent need to grow its economies, African states will easily take the shortcut of brown development which is justifiable given that all developed countries followed the same route. But the question is, will two wrongs make a right? To me Africa has the best chance in green growth while the developed countries, who apparently developed at the cost of Africa, should use this opportunity to support Africa to follow green growth.
Viable opportunities for green growth exist in Africa: There is a huge opportunity to de-carbonize electricity in Africa and in development of smart cities which are currently at the formative stages of planing and designing. There are opportunities of green development in Public transport system, for example construction of trans-regional railway systems, which can be powered using hydro-electric power. Population in Africa today is largely rural but with the fastest urban migration, it infers that we have a better opportunity to plan now sustainable green cities with the projected urban population.
Agriculture as a sector may prove to be a big challenge, where growth is not possible without increasing anthropogenic emissions, but my worry is in the less policy attention the sector is receiving today especially the land grabbing and land reforms. Land use and land use change exemplified by land intensification as a result of fragmentation further spells doom to food security efforts being undertaken in the region today. Emissions through increasing use of inputs for productivity growth will just be a problem on top of this. Coupled with this is the population pressure which is making agriculture less productive due to decreasing economies of scale. If the trend continues then food security will remain the major problem for African governments in the region, significantly overshadowing other issues like green growth.
Considering present opportunities and threats in Africa, I can say that it is possible to develop without increasing human induced climate change in the continent today, but conditional on collective responsibility and action. The external support on climate change mitigation, which is less urgent but equally crucial, will allow African countries to focus on more urgent issues like food security and unemployment while developing sustainably.
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A tough decision
Africa cannot develope without increasing anthropogenic emissions. This is because components of development: industrialization, urbanization, transportation and agriculture are the major sources of anthropogenic emissions. However, Africa can initiate CDM projects like solar energy technologies, hydropower, afforestation and reforestation, agroforestry etc. in order to offset their emissions. On the other hand, African can choose to go the Environmental Kuznet curves' way. This would imply prioritization of economic development at expense of the environment and emissions. After fully achieving development, Africa can then use its resources to restore the environment and mitigate emissions. Apparently, the later is the path taken by most developed countries.
Serious Decision
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Quick Development in Urban Areas
Outflows of gasses and particles from the burning of fossil powers and biofuels in Africa are relied upon to increment essentially sooner rather than later because of the quick development of African urban areas and megacities. There is as of now no local emanations stock that gives evaluations of anthropogenic ignition to the African mainland. This work gives an advancement's evaluation of African ignition discharges from 2005 to 2030, utilizing a base up technique. This stock predicts vast increments in dark carbon, natural carbon, CO, NOx, SO2 and non-methane hydrocarbon outflows if no emanation regulations are executed. This paper examines the adequacy of situations including certain powers, particular to Africa in every action division and every district (western, eastern, northern and southern Africa), to lessen the outflows. The assessed patterns in African discharges are reliable with outflows gave by worldwide inventories, yet they show a bigger scope of qualities. Go to my Blog for health kamagra http://www.pillenpalast.com/
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Very necesary but Imposible in short period to stop this. Eeverione should work and go forward - and not to go in Europe - drink Viagra and go to toch some women in a night of new year 2016.
Better get some Steroids and find a Gym to work Out.